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Ge(Germanium) Crystals and Substrates
Pure germanium is a semiconductor. Germanium can be doped with 5-valent elements such as phosphorus, arsenic and antimony (N-type) or 3-valued elements such as boron , aluminum , gallium and indium ( P-type ) and is used extensively as a semiconductor . Germanium is also a good material for infrared optical devices and solar cell substrates.